Which medicinal plant does produce quinine?
cinchona, (genus Cinchona), genus of about 23 species of plants, mostly trees, in the madder family (Rubiaceae), native to the Andes of South America. The bark of some species contains quinine and is useful against malaria.
Which plant is the source of quinine?
Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the South American cinchona tree.
Where did quinine originally come from?
Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree, which is native to Peru, and its molecular formula was determined by Strecker in 1854. The class of chemical compounds to which it belongs is thus called the cinchona alkaloids.
Is quinine a medicinal plant?
Quinine still manages to be an essential anti-malarial drug almost four hundred (400) years after its emergence was initially recorded.
Where is the cinchona tree located?
South America
The cinchona – a large shrub or small tree – is indigenous to South America. In the 19th century it could be found along the west coast from Venezuela in the north to Bolivia in the south. Its bark, also known as Peruvian Bark or Jesuit’s Bark, is renowned for its medicinal properties.
What is the scientific name of cinchona tree?
Cinchona pyrifolia L.Andersson. Cinchona rugosa Pav.
Where are cinchona trees found?
tropical Andean forests
Cinchona (pronounced /sɪŋˈkoʊnə/ or /tʃɪnˈtʃoʊnə/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America.
How is quinine produced?
Quinine is a bitter compound that comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. The tree is most commonly found in South America, Central America, the islands of the Caribbean, and parts of the western coast of Africa.
How is quinine extracted from cinchona?
First, the Cinchona bark is extracted under basic conditions (CaO, NaOH) to an organic aromatic solvent (e.g., toluene) at elevated temperatures. Then, it is reextracted with an excess of sulfuric acid to form soluble bisulfates. On partial neutralization and cooling, quinine sulfate is separated.
Where does the quinine tree grow?
Today, most of the world’s quinine supply comes from central Africa, Indonesia, and South America, where the tree has been reestablished.
Is cinchona tree found in India?
Cinchona Cultivation. Cinchona is native of high lands of South America and was introduced in India (Nilgiris) in 1859. It is grown in Nilgiris and Anamalai hills of Tamil Nadu. It is also grown in Darjeeling (West Bengal).
Which part of a cinchona tree gives quinine?
Bark
So, the correct option is ‘Bark’.
What is quinine used for?
Quinine is used to this day as an ingredient in tonic water. The people of Peru had already been using quinine for countless generations, in the treatment of infections, inflammations, fever and pain, when in the 17 th century it was used to treat the wife of the Spanish viceroy for malaria.
What is the source of quinine?
Cinchona trees remain the only economically practical source of quinine. However, under wartime pressure, research towards its synthetic production was undertaken. A formal chemical synthesis was accomplished in 1944 by American chemists R.B. Woodward and W.E. Doering.
What is the generic name for quinine?
Quinine is a basic amine and is usually provided as a salt. Various existing preparations include the hydrochloride, dihydrochloride, sulfate, bisulfate and gluconate. In the United States, quinine sulfate is commercially available in 324-mg tablets under the brand name Qualaquin.
Which part of the plant yields quinine used for malaria?
Quinine, the commonly used drug for malaria, is obtained from a plant. Which part of the plant yields this drug? Quinine is a white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic (fever-reducing), antimalarial, analgesic (painkilling) and anti-inflammatory properties. Quinine occurs naturally in the bark of the Cinchona tree.