What is direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis?
Direct somatic embryogenesis occurs when embryos are started directly from explant tissues (pre- embryogenic cells) creating an identical clone, while indirect somatic embryogenesis occurs from unorga- nized tissues (calli) which are further developed into embryos (Nakamura et al.
What is somatic embryogenesis in plant?
Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental process where a plant somatic cell can dedifferentiate to a totipotent embryonic stem cell that has the ability to give rise to an embryo under appropriate conditions. This new embryo can further develop into a whole plant.
What is indirect organogenesis?
The process in which plant organs are derived from a calli mass (tissue formation occurring on a plant wound or at the site of a cut) in the explant is termed indirect organogenesis. Indirect organogenesis has been used to produce transgenic plants in two ways: A plant can be regenerated from a transformed callus.
What are the two types of somatic embryogenesis?
Somatic embryogenesis – Induction Cells are reactivated to differentiate and develop embryos, which occur through two processes: direct somatic embryogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis.
Which type of plant cell can be used for somatic embryogenesis?
Indeed, single cells forming embryos (embryogenic cells) are totipotent by definition since embryos can autonomously develop to whole plants. If all plant cells are totipotent, all plant cells could be able to form somatic embryos.
What is callus in plants?
callus, In botany, soft tissue that forms over a wounded or cut plant surface, leading to healing. A callus arises from cells of the cambium. When a callus forms, some of its cells may organize into growing points, some of which in turn give rise to roots while others produce stems and leaves.
What is callus culture in plants?
Callus culture is the culture of dedifferentiated plant cells induced on media usually containing relatively high auxin concentrations or a combination of auxin and cytokinin under in vitro conditions.
Which type of plant cells can be used for somatic embryogenesis?
What are somatic cells in plants?
A somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα sôma, meaning “body”), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
What is Redifferentiation in plant tissue culture?
Redifferentiation is the process by which dedifferentiated cells again lose their capacity to divide and mature to perform a specific function.