What drug is platinum?
Abstract. The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events).
Why is platinum used in drugs?
The platinum compounds are largely used in the treatment of lung, breast, ovarian, and colon cancers. The chemotherapeutic mechanism of platinum compounds is typical of DNA-binding alkylating agents. If the DNA damage exceeds the ability of the cell to repair, the cell undergoes apoptotic cell death.
What are platinum IV drugs?
Three platinum-containing drugs are approved worldwide for treating cancer in humans, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin (section 3.1). An additional three are approved for use in specific countries, and they are nedaplatin, lobaplatin, and heptaplatin (section 3.1).
How do platinum drugs work?
Platinum-Based Drugs (Cisplatin, Carboplatin) These drugs form highly reactive platinum complexes that bind and crosslink DNA, a double-stranded molecule inside the nucleus of the cell that controls cellular activity. The chemical crosslinking within the DNA prevents cancer cells from growing and causes them to die.
How long does platinum stay in the body?
Although the two elimination half-lives found in this study characterize the data between 8 and 75 months after the end of treatment, the complete elimination of plasma Pt can presumably be described by numerous half-lives which increase with a longer follow-up period.
Why is platinum used in anticancer drugs?
Abstract. Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Platinum–DNA adducts, which are formed following uptake of the drug into the nucleus of cells, activate several cellular processes that mediate the cytotoxicity of these platinum drugs.
How much platinum is in cisplatin?
(cisplatin for injection, USP) is a white to light yellow lyophilized powder. Each vial of PLATINOL contains 50 mg cisplatin, 450 mg Sodium Chloride, USP, and 500 mg Mannitol, USP.
What are 3 interesting facts about platinum?
Platinum Facts
- Meteorites and our moon contain a higher percentage of platinum than can be found on the Earth.
- The melting point of platinum is 3,215 °F (1,768.4 °C) and the boiling point is 6,917 °F (3,825 °C).
- Typically 95% pure, platinum is one of the purest precious metals.
Is platinum used in chemotherapy?
Platinum-based agents are important drugs or drug candidates for cancer chemotherapy. Traditional platinum drugs including the globally approved cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are neutral platinum (II) complexes with two amine ligands and two additional ligands that can be aquated for further binding with DNA.
When is cisplatin used?
Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, is best known for curing testicular cancer. It is also used in the treatment of a wide range of other cancers, including lung, bladder, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Cisplatin and other similar platinum-based drugs were developed with National Cancer Institute (NCI) support.
What are the side effects of platinum?
Other common and well-known side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis (inflammation of mouth and lips) pain, mucositis (painful inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes lining the digestive tract), alopecia (hair loss), anorexia (loss of appetite), cachexia (loss …
Is platinum good for health?
The health effects of platinum are strongly dependent upon the kind of bonds that are shaped and the exposure level and immunity of the person that is exposed. Finally, a danger of platinum is that it can cause potentiation of the toxicity of other dangerous chemicals in the human body, such as selenium.