What is Phacomorphic cataract?
Background. Phacomorphic glaucoma is the term used for secondary angle-closure glaucoma due to lens intumescence. The increase in lens thickness from an advanced cataract, a rapidly intumescent lens, or a traumatic cataract can lead to pupillary block and angle closure.
What is the difference between Phacomorphic and Phacolytic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic glaucoma: Also associated with hypermature cataract formation, the key differentiating feature is gonioscopically closed angle and a shallow anterior chamber in phacomorphic glaucoma. Phacolytic glaucoma has a pronounced anterior chamber inflammatory component.
What causes Phacolytic glaucoma?
Phacolytic glaucoma is caused by an inflammatory process caused by the leakage of lens material through the capsule of a mature cataract. The released lens material is composed of altered lens protein, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells that lead to trabecular meshwork obstruction and precipitate glaucoma.
What is Phacomorphic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic glaucoma is a lens-induced secondary angle closure glaucoma that may occur as a result of mature cataract formation.
How is Phacomorphic glaucoma diagnosed?
To assist the diagnosis of phacomorphic glaucoma, the physician may use A-scan biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy to determine the depth of the anterior chamber and the thickness of the crystalline lens. The treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma may require the use of medical therapy or laser and incisional surgery.
What are the two types of glaucoma?
Although there are many types of glaucoma, ophthalmologists typically group them into two main categories: open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Forms of glaucoma in both categories are characterized by damage to the optic nerve which can eventually lead to blindness.
What is Hypermature cataract?
A hypermature cataract is one that has been left untreated and has grown dense, hard, and pearly white. Hypermature cataracts are a challenge to remove but will eventually cause complete loss of vision if left untreated.
Can glaucoma cause cataract?
Cataracts do not typically lead to glaucoma, however there are many shared risk factors and the two conditions may be discovered at the same time. The reverse is also true, glaucoma does not lead to cataracts. However, there are rare conditions in which glaucoma treatment may accelerate cataract development.
How is Phacomorphic glaucoma treated?
The treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma may require the use of medical therapy or laser and incisional surgery. The definitive treatment for phacomorphic glaucoma is cataract extraction, but it is easier and safer to perform cataract surgery after first lowering the IOP with medication.
Which type of glaucoma is most common?
Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type in the United States, where 9 in 10 people with glaucoma have the open-angle type.
What is phacomorphic glaucoma?
Phacomorphic Glaucoma is diagnosed by the presence of eye pain, history of decreased vision, evidence of mature cataract formation (slit lamp exam), angle closure (gonioscopy), and elevated intraocular pressure (applanation tonometry) in the affected eye.
How to treat phacolytic glaucoma?
Treating Phacolytic Glaucoma 1 Evaluation and Diagnosis. Signs and symptoms. 2 Management. Medical management is used to temporarily control the glaucoma and inflammation. 3 Surgical Tips. 4 Potential Sequelae and Prognosis.
What is the difference between primary and phacomorphic angle-closure?
Distinguishing factors between primary angle-closure and phacomorphic angle-closure are presence of an intumescent cataractous lens and presence of cell and flare. Axial length measurement (usually short in phacomorphic) and records of the refraction may also be helpful in distinguishing between the two conditions .
What is phacoantigenic glaucoma?
Phacoantigenic glaucoma is a granulomatous inflammatory reaction directed against own lens antigens leading to obstruction of the trabecular meshwork and increased intraocular pressure. It is important to mention that phacoanaphylaxis is not the correct name of this condition since it is not an allergy.