What does PER2 stand for?
PER2 is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian clock, which regulates the daily rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior.
What is PER2 gene?
PER2 (Period Circadian Regulator 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PER2 include Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome, Familial, 1 and Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Circadian Clock and Melatonin metabolism and effects.
What is the most powerful Zeitgeber?
light
As the most powerful zeitgeber , light has a direct effect on sleep. Light influences our internal clock through the light-sensitive cells in the retina of the eyes.
What is the difference between CRY1 and CRY2?
Thus, while CRY1 is undoubtedly a strong transcriptional repressor, endogenous CRY2 is also confirmed to be a transcriptional repressor, and although it plays a relatively minor role in liver, its repressive effect on gene expression in the cerebellum may serve in unraveling target-specific and tissue-specific roles …
What is CRY1 gene?
CRY1 (Cryptochrome Circadian Regulator 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CRY1 include Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder and Sleep Disorder. Among its related pathways are Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators and Circadian Clock.
What does Per and Cry do?
PER and CRY proteins form heteropolymeric complexes of unknown stoichiometry, and once these complexes have reached a critical concentration in the cell nucleus, they interact with the CLOCK-BMAL1 hetero- dimer and thereby annul the activation potential of these transcription factors.
What are Cry genes?
The cry gene family, produced during the late exponential phase of growth in Bacillus thuringiensis, is a large, still-growing family of homologous genes, in which each gene encodes a protein with strong specific activity against only one or a few insect species.
Is darkness a zeitgeber?
Environmental light is the ‘zeitgeber’ (time-giver) of circadian behaviour. Constant darkness is considered a ‘free-running’ circadian state.
What is the master clock in the body?
A master clock in the brain coordinates all the biological clocks in a living thing, keeping the clocks in sync. In vertebrate animals, including humans, the master clock is a group of about 20,000 nerve cells (neurons) that form a structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN.
What is cryptochrome and Phototropin?
Cryptochromes regulate plant development and photomorphogenesis whereas phototropins are primarily implicated in photomovement responses such as phototropism and chloroplast relocation.
What are phytochromes and cryptochromes?
Phytochrome B is the primary high-intensity red light photoreceptor for circadian control, and phytochrome A acts under low-intensity red light. Cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome A both act to transmit low-fluence blue light to the clock. Cryptochrome 1 mediates high-intensity blue light signals for period length control.
What is CLOCK BMAL1?
The mammalian circadian clock relies on the master genes CLOCK and BMAL1 to drive rhythmic gene expression and regulate biological functions under circadian control. Here we show that rhythmic CLOCK:BMAL1 DNA binding promotes rhythmic chromatin opening.