How does icodextrin cause hyponatremia?
The use of icodextrin is an example of that mechanism. It is linked to hyponatremia through a rise in the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid (ECF) because of the presence of glucose polymers or their degradation products, maltotriose and maltotetraose (4).
What is icodextrin used for?
Icodextrin is an iso-osmotic peritoneal dialysis solution containing glucose polymers. It is used primarily for ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) of diabetic patients and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) for patients with end-stage renal disease. It is injected as a solution into the peritoneal cavity.
What are the 3 phases of peritoneal dialysis?
The process of doing peritoneal dialysis is called an exchange. Each exchange has three steps: fill, dwell, and drain.
What is the difference between CCPD and CAPD?
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): Does not require a machine. Exchanges, often referred to as “passes,” can be done three to five times a day, during waking hours. Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD): Requires the use of a special dialysis machine that can be used in the home.
Does icodextrin raise blood sugar?
The term “glucose-specific” applies to monitors or test strips that are not affected by the presence of maltose or certain other sugars. Because EXTRANEAL (icodextrin) Peritoneal Dialysis solution results in elevated blood levels of maltose, only glucose-specific monitors and test strips must be used.
What electrolyte imbalance is associated with peritoneal dialysis?
Disturbances in many electrolyte concentrations in peritoneal dialysis patients may occur. However, the most common are those related to potassium, magnesium, and sodium(1,2).
What is icodextrin solution?
Icodextrin is a starch-derived glucose polymer which acts as an osmotic agent when administered intraperitoneally for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A 7.5% solution is approximately iso-osmolar to serum but produces sustained ultrafiltration over a period up to 12 hours in CAPD.
How long should icodextrin dwell?
Icodextrin is used for a single daily exchange for the long (8 to 16 hour) dwell during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). This medicine is a peritoneal dialysis solution.
What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?
The most frequent and important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is infection, which may result in catheter loss and discontinuation of PD [1,2]. However, some evidence suggests that the transfer to hemodialysis for these reasons may be decreasing.
What are the principles of peritoneal dialysis?
The principles of peritoneal dialysis are based on the physiological processes and their driving forces which permit the exchange of water (by ultrafiltration and fluid absorption) and solutes (by diffusion and convective transport) between the peritoneal microvasculature and the dialysate.
What are the 2 types of peritoneal dialysis?
What are the types of peritoneal dialysis?
- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
- automated peritoneal dialysis.
What is CCPD dialysis?
Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) Also known as automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), this method uses a machine (automated cycler) that performs multiple exchanges at night while you sleep.
Is peritoneal reaction to Icodextrin related to infection or peritonitis?
A diagnosis of peritoneal reaction to icodextrin is thus of great importance to avoid unnecessary manoeuvres. It has been suggested recently that patients with sterile peritonitis secondary to icodextrin have less severe peritoneal inflammation than patients with infectious peritonitis [ 17 ].
Does Icodextrin improve peritoneal dialyzate white cell count?
Results: Between icodextrin and control treatment groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the peritoneal dialyzate white cell count on day (1829 versus 987/mm(3), P = 0. 13). There was neither improvement in primary cure rate.
Is peptidoglycan contamination of Icodextrin a cause for concern?
If contamination of icodextrin by peptidoglycan is really the cause of this syndrome, the recall of contaminated batches should be reflected by a dramatic decrease in its incidence in the near future.
Is Icodextrin an alternative for transcapillary ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis?
Conclusion Icodextrin is an attractive alternative in PD. Improvement in fluid status due to its sustained transcapillary ultrafiltration during the long dwell period may lead to more peritoneal sodium removal and maintenance of sodium balance.