How does Myc induce apoptosis?
Unbridled MYC expression can activate the oncogene-stress pathway that signals via the p14ARF/MDM2 pathway to stimulate p53-mediated apoptosis.
How does myc gene work?
The c-Myc gene serves as a “master regulator” of cellular metabolism and proliferation. Since it is activated by a large number of oncogenic pathways and, in turn, stimulates many of the metabolic changes that result in malignant transformation, it is truly “both the chicken and the egg”.
What is the difference between c-Myc and N-Myc?
c-Myc is broadly overexpressed in both blood-borne and solid tumors. N-myc is most frequently overexpressed in solid cancers of neural origin, such as neuroblastoma and glioma. And L-myc is most often overexpressed in small cell lung carcinomas.
How does Myc contribute to cancer?
MYC mandates tumor cell fate, by inducing stemness and blocking cellular senescence and differentiation. Additionally, MYC orchestrates changes in the tumor microenvironment, including the activation of angiogenesis and suppression of the host immune response.
What DNA structure does C-MYC bind in DNA?
The c-Myc protein is a potential activator of transcription, with the ability to bind in a heterodimer form with Max to DNA sequences containing the core hexanucleotide sequence CAC(G/A)TG.
What does N-Myc stand for?
N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.
How does Myc promote cell proliferation?
MYC stimulates cell-cycle progression and the cellular proliferation through the regulation of genes related to cell-cycle control. MYC induces positive cell-cycle regulators such as several cyclins, CDKs and E2F transcription factors (green arrows).
Is MYC an oncogene or tumor suppressor?
Although the Myc gene was originally identified as an oncogene, it is involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, loss of differentiation, and apoptosis (Adhikary and Eilers, 2005; Pelengaris et al., 2002; Thompson, 1998).
How is the MYC gene transcription activated by the viral genome insertion to become an oncogene?
Retroviruses can activate c-Myc oncogene expression in at least three ways: (1) use of virally encoded proteins to activate c-Myc transcription, (2) transduction and modification of the c-Myc gene to make a virally encoded form of the gene, and (3) cis-activation of c-Myc expression after proviral insertion.